L´HISTORIQUE DU HOCKEY Écrit par Webmaster    Mercredi, 04 Novembre 2009 11:58 « En anglais "hockey subaquatique " se dit "underwater hockey" ou "octopush" ». Le hockey subaquatique est né en août 1954, au "Southsea Sub-aqua Club", dans le Sud de l'Angleterre. Son créateur s'appelle Alan BLAKE. Après son apparition et son développement aux Etats Unis, en Afrique, et en Australie, en Angleterre, il arrive finalement en France en 1967. En effet c’est en 1967, à Montauban, que l'on a joué au hockey subaquatique pour la première fois. Sous l'impulsion de Roger CHATELAIN, les plongeurs et chasseurs montalbanais se sont mis à pratiquer un jeu ressemblant beaucoup à la discipline lancée à Chicago en 1960, et reprise à Durban quelques années plus tard. En 1973, sans avoir connaissance de ce qui se faisait à Montauban, Roger RENAULT a également démarré une activité hockey au sein du Club Sous-Marin du Nord. L'initiative lui est venue après avoir assisté à une compétition en Hollande où des clubs anglais et hollandais s’affrontaient dans la forme de jeu anglaise. Le Lille Université Club a démarré peu après, pratiquant quelque temps sur la base du règlement sud-africain (75/77), avant de revenir à la crosse "courte" en 1978 afin de participer à la première Coupe d'Europe des Clubs qui s'est tenue à Charleroi au début de l'année 1979. Les Montalbanais se sont également ralliés au style anglais en 1981, afin de participer aux premiers Championnats de France organisés à Reims en 1982, championnats qui marquent le véritable début de la discipline dans notre pays. Le Hockey Subaquatique dans le monde : L'extension actuelle de la pratique du hockey subaquatique déborde largement en dehors du monde anglo-saxon dont il est issu. Ainsi, une dizaine de nations sont régulièrement présentes à chaque édition des championnats du Monde qui se tiennent tous les deux ans (Afrique du Sud, Australie, Belgique, Canada, Colombie, Etats-Unis, Grande-Bretagne, Hollande, Nle Zélande, et France). Une quinzaine d'autres pays connaissent le hockey subaquatique à des niveaux de pratique assez divers (Allemagne, Andorre, Argentine, Brésil, Chili, Ecosse, Irlande, Italie, Japon, Namibie, Philippines, Russie, Slovénie, Suisse, Yougoslavie, Zimbabwe, ...). Les maîtres de la spécialité sont les Australiens, champions du Monde à de multiples reprises tant chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Toutefois, cette suprématie est aujourd'hui fortement contestée par les Sud-africains. L'équipe féminine, championne du Monde en 92, 96 et 98, et l'équipe garçons, championne du Monde 98 et vice-championne en 2002, traduisent parfaitement cet état de fait. Le jeu sous sa forme actuel : Au niveau international, le hockey subaquatique de compétition se pratique dans un bassin de 25m x 15m, avec une profondeur constante de 2 mètres environ. Les rencontres opposent deux équipes de 10 joueurs (6 dans l'eau et 4 remplaçants pouvant intervenir à tout moment), durant deux périodes de 15 minutes. Le jeu consiste à placer, en le faisant circuler de joueur en joueur, un palet de 8 cm de diamètre et de 1,3 kg dans un but, long de 3 mètres, posé au fond à chaque extrémité du bassin. Equipement individuel : Le joueur de Hockey Subaquatique se contente d’un équipement minimal qui se compose : D’un masque (avec glace de sécurité) D’un tuba D’une crosse (faite d’un matériau flottant) De palmes D’un gant protecteur (porté sur la main qui joue) D’un bonnet comportant des protège-oreilles (type water-polo) Pas de combinaison ni de plomb de lestage. Chaque élément du matériel doit être maîtrisé parfaitement afin d’être un outil performant et non une entrave pour le joueur. Quelques règles élémentaires : Un match est déclaré "en jeu" par l'arbitre principal seulement durant la période comprise entre le début et la fin du match. Un joueur est déclaré "en possession" seulement quand sa crosse est en contact avec le palet. N'importe quelle partie de la surface de frappe de la crosse peut être utilisée pour jouer le palet. Toutefois, le palet ne peut être soulevé ou porté dans une quelconque direction, quand il est sur la crosse et s'il s'y trouve accidentellement, il doit être déposé immédiatement. La crosse ne peut être tenue que par le manche, soit par la main droite, soit par la main gauche. Le joueur peut changer de main quand il est en possession. Pendant le match, le palet peut être passé ou poussé dans n'importe quelle direction du fond du bassin, n'importe où dans l'aire de jeu, par le joueur en possession. A aucun moment, un joueur ne doit toucher le palet avec les mains, droite ou gauche. Si le palet touche par accident le dos de la main qui joue, ceci n'est pas une faute sauf si cela est délibérément fait pour déplacer le palet. Durant le match, les 4 remplaçants attendent sur le bord, à l’extrémité du terrain dévolue à leur équipe. Avant qu'un remplaçant puisse entrer dans l'eau, le joueur se faisant remplacer doit avoir totalement quitté l'eau à l'extrémité du terrain dévolue à son équipe. Un match dure 33 minutes soit 2 périodes de 15 minutes et un repos de 3 minutes à la mi-temps. A la mi-temps, les 2 équipes changent de camp. Un but est validé lorsque le palet entier est entré dans le volume du but et a touché la paroi arrière ou le fond du but, poussé ou propulsé par une crosse. Un but est refusé si le palet entre dans le volume du but poussé par autre chose que la crosse. Mise à jour le Lundi, 25 Janvier 2010 05:02

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